ÆsimRCS WorkbenchGRIN sphere 120 mm
az 0.0° · el 0.0° · 8.000 GHz
σ -999.0 dBsm peak facet · solving
contribution heat map
elf

Lens Lab — ray-traced GRIN & reflector

Lens radius 60.0 mm from the loaded model · 8.00 GHz (selected frequency)

GRIN profile

Luneburg ε = 2 − (r/R)²

Reflector

Copper σ = 5.8e7 S/m · |Γ|² 0.99975 · skin depth 0.74 µm

Adhesive gap

two-way loss 0.000 dB

Environment
Internal field focusing (ray density)incidence 0°
Peak RCS
-0.20 dBsm
0.955 m²
Retro efficiency
83.4 %
Focal spot
13.48 mm
rms + diffraction
Concentration
20×
Coverage vs incidence · 3 dB width 170°
-0.3-3.90.090.0 deg
Bistatic RCS vs bistatic angle
-0.2-9.1-15.015.0 β deg
Shell discretisation convergence
-0.3-2.60.32.3 log10 N
1-D FDTD full-wave check (εr 4 slab)
λ = 40 cellsFDTD |Γ| 0.6059exact 0.6000
λ = 50 cellsFDTD |Γ| 0.0095exact 0.0000
λ = 60 cellsFDTD |Γ| 0.5457exact 0.5447
λ = 80 cellsFDTD |Γ| 0.4710exact 0.4685

Geometrical-optics tracing in the meridional plane with exact Snell refraction at each shell and mirror reflection on the reflector, weighted for the 3-D aperture. Valid for D > 10λ. Not a 3-D full-wave solve — use it for design screening and confirm with a range measurement.